Category Archives: Group blog on Chile

I should be embarrased… but I don’t understand

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Margaret wrote a great piece called “Dumb Stuff the Gringa Says” in which she catalogs some of her most embarrassing (or funny) linguistic faux pax. She then invites her readers, and she has quite a few, to comment with their most embarrassing (or funny) linguistic moments in a second language. I thought it was a great idea– in fact, I think it should be a group post and will link to anyone who writes their own and tells me about it (Emily, Kyle, Joanna, Sara, Abby, Tyffanie, Heather, Andre, and anyone else who has a story, I am talking to you!).

Before I relate my favorite story, however, I want to emphases something that Margaret eloquently said.  A sense of humor is a must when working, living or speaking in a foreign language.  No matter how good your scores in school were, once you are speaking 24/7, you will make mistakes some of them real errors and some of them caused by double meanings (often sexual at least in Spanish) and cultural jokes. You can get upset and stop talking or you can learn to laugh at yourself.  In fact, I have found that telling stories of my own mistakes 1) makes me more endearing and 2) quietly gives permission for others to try out English and make their own mistakes with me.

My best “opps! I said what” story is from high school.  I was 16 and the other exchange student in my class was 18.  We are young American girls living in Rancagua and we thought we were invincible.  We also, correctly, thought that Chile was sexist.

We had decided to go to the Underground, a discotech that we frequented on weekends.  Usually we went with groups of boys and girls from our class.  This time, however, there were no boys in attendance.  As we got dressed at her house, he host Mama found out it was just a group of girls. She was noticeably concerned and at length tried to explain to us that if we went to the club without boys to protect us, anything could happen.  We shrugged her off and said we would be fine.  She explained that we could be robbed or raped.  My friend, the more outgoing of the two of us, explained that we could defend ourselves.

So far, so good.

Only, she didn’t know the word “puño” (fist).  Since she wore a ring the shape of a frog on her finger, she decided to make a fist and explain that if someone tried to rape her, she would hit them with her “sapo” (toad).   Being supportive (and also not knowing the word for fist), I agreed that this is what we would do and that her host Mama had nothing to worry about.

Her host Mama was horrified.

So we explained again, more emphatically.   With the zest of teenagers, we explained and explained, repeated and repeated.  Finally, her host Mama burst out laughing.  She went to get a host brother to explain what we had said.  This would have worked, only he turned red, laughed nervously and left. Ditto with host Papa.

No one told us what we had said, but they let us go to the Discotech.

At the discotech, we told our friends who laughed and laughed.  They laughed so hard, they couldn’t explain to us.  I don’t remember when someone finally explained or who it was… however, I do know that neither of us (but particularly the ring wearer) never lived it down.  Turns out, sapo does mean toad– but in Chilean slang it also refers to female genitalia.  Clearly, if someone were raping us, this is not what we should be using as a weapon to fight back!

Okay— there.  Embarrassing and also out on the internet.  Now you share yours!

Contributors:

Trip down memory lane (in Chile)

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DSC_6211, originally uploaded by Chinmong.

Emily put out a challenge to talk about our first trips in Chile. She has a great post up with photos. Sadly, I am blogging from Kazakhstan, so I don’t have access to my photos. I do, however, have a story.

Or rather, I have a crystal clear memory of my arrival and my first trip in Chile. Keep in mind, we are talking August 17, 1996.

I remember coming through the glass doors of the airport. I remember I was wearing the purple velvet hat I had bought in Germany 2 years before. I remember meeting my host dad– the actual finding him part is a bit fuzzy– but I remember his laugh. The host mother was there as well. As we walked out of the airport, there was a huge billboard for Crystal Beer; I still can see it in my head. In actuality, there is now a hotel where the billboard once stood.

I remember being in the car. It was beige, four door. We were driving down route five and passing all these little houses. Everything was so green and there were cows! We stopped at Bavaria. This was my first trip in Chile.

At Bavaria, my host dad ordered my lunch. I got a hamburger with avocado, tomato and mayonnaise. I drank my very first fresh raspberry juice. It was delicious.

We kept driving. At the point in the road where the old mall was (Punta de Sol– at the time it was a happening place) we turned on to Kennedy St. My host dad started talking about JFK. We finally arrived at home; the had been telling me about it the whole trip. They said we lived in a water tower. As we drove down Kennedy, I actually saw a water tower. Up until this point, I assumed that I had misunderstood. Heck, I only got about 45% of what came out of Juan’s mouth. But, I saw a water tower. As we approached, we slowed down. And then turned. Turns out that they lived in front of a water tower.

And I was home.

Other stories:

First Impressions (of Chile)

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Cachando Chile had a great idea to do a first impressions post.  Since I have been off the blogging bandwagon for a while, I thought this would be a great way to get back on.  If nothing else, because it can be a bullet post!

Background: I arrived in Rancagua, Chile in 1996 as a Rotary exchange student. I was one of 9 in Rancauga which is a very small place.  Over the course of the year, I would change schools, change host families, and change my life.  I would meet life long friends (mi familia, Lu, Seba, K-ro, Maca, Marisol, estoy mirando uds.), I would meet my husband, I would obtain a Spanish accent that would drive my Spanish proffessors in the states crazy, I would learn to eat and then to love mayonnaise, and I would dance to my heart’s content.

But… impressions change, but here were some of mine:

  • The food is so salty!
  • People do not understand what vegetarian means (except Maca).  I repeatedly was told I was being served a hot dog because I was vegetarian.
  • All the houses were such bright, beautiful colors.
  • I certainly learned that I did not speak Spanish as well as I thought I did — or really at all.
  • I learned that being told I danced like a Chilean was not a complement (so I took classes on cueca, merengue, salsa).  Being able to dance cueca as a gringa automatically makes you a huge hit (in fact, at a chilean friend’s wedding, she didn’t know how to dance it– so she threw me in!).
  • Cold coffee with ice cream and whip cream is delicious! Cafe helado!
  • Chile winning any soccer game would immediately make the night the best of my life.  In Rancagua, it meant getting a big flag and going out into the streets.  It meant meeting your neighbor and sharing something beautiful with them.  It meant car horns and spontaneous parades.  I had never experienced anything like it.  Even in other larger Chilean cities– I preferred for the big Chile games to return to Rancagua.
  • People had all kinds of crazy ideas about America. No I do not know the stars. No I do not live in a mansion. Yes, I have seen a robbery before; it is not necessary to have the cops give me a tour when the neighbors house is broken into. Yes, white people can and do live in Chicago.
  • I learned, as most did, that pisco is stronger than it seems.
  • I learned that in 1996 people were still not ready to talk about Chile’s recent political past.  I watched this change over the years. I watched people who were still afraid to speak out vote for a communist candidate, not because they were communist, but because they didn’t want to feel defeated or silenced or inconsequential anymore. I was there in 2000 when Pinochet was in custody in London.  I was there for the last elections. I have seen all three of the last presidents in person.

A quick photo of me way back when:

Clare cueca

Other bloggers on this topic (please add a comment if you decide to participate):

  1. Margaret at Cachando Chile: Chile June 1991
  2. Vicki at Futalandia:   Chile September 2006- First Impressions (Santiago and Chile’s  deep south, 2006)
  3. Lydia at Just Smile and Nod: First Impressions of Chile (Santiago and Valparaíso)
  4. Abby at Abby’s Line: Thoughts on my First Day in Chile (Santiago, January 2007)
  5. Eileen at bearshapedsphere: Pucha I don’t speak Cellphone! (Santiago, April 2004)
  6. Emily at Don’t Call Me Gringa: First Impressions (arrived in Santiago, June 2005)

Chile Group Post: Worst Travel Experience

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So, we are doing another Chile Bloggers Group post— only this time it is not necessarily Chile specific.  The theme was something along the line of: travel stories.

Therefore, I have decided to share my worst travel experience ever. Ever.

Whenever I think worst anything, there are competing options.  Worst meal– well do I count the ones that made me sick or the ones that were most disappointing.  Worst outfit– does 80s clothes worn in the 80s count or should I go with my flannel grunge look.  Only on worst roommate ever and worst travel experience ever so I have no question in my mind.

To preface, let me say, besides this one night, the trip was great.  I was in Romania, with my then partner, Jason.   We had traveled and seen castles.  We has skied. Well, he skied. I fell. We had eaten donuts.

We were traveling between two cities in Romania (I have blocked which ones out of my mind.  Jason, do you remember? Angela, ask him!) and I had done the planning. Yes. I take full responsibility for this.  I had found an overnight train.  Perfect. One night less to pay housing, plus I sleep well sitting up. We got to the station, bought the tickets and were ready to go.

It was odd that people were congregating like cougars ready to jump as soon as the train arrived. It was weird how many men were there. It was Romania, so it was not weird that everyone was drinking.  It was weird that we had no assigned seats.  Still, I thought, ever optimistic, that Jason and I would have no problems getting our seats together.  Little did we know….

There were no seats. It was a 7 hour, overnight train, and there were no seats!

To make things worse (and I was already crying at this point), the train was jam packed. It seemed as though everyone was smoking. The person next to me was literally touching me he was so close. I sat on my backpack, on the gross gross floor, and wanted to cry.  Then, the man next to me, whipped it out and urinated. One the floor. Not next to me. But close enough. To see it. To smell it.

So, I sat there. Horrified. And cried. And nothing Jason could do, could make it better.

Except, I think that we did manage to steal seats at some point when the people who had known better and gotten on the car with seats and paid for those seats got up.  I think. Really. I have done my best to block out the worst travel experience and its specifics from my brain.

Here are the other bloggers (this will be updated as people post):

  • Kyle: A variety of hostle experience
  • Sara: What happens in Puerto Rico stays in Puerto Rico.
  • Aimee: Mumbai changed her perspective on life.
  • Heather: Discovered an interesting culture within a culture in the U.S. in a small town.
  • Renee: Her greatest hits in travel.
  • Shannon: A walk down memory lane back to when summer vacation was the only thing on a kid’s mind.

And months (Sept 09) after the fact, without having anything to do with this group, Eileen wrote a great post on the subject that you should read.

Chile Group Blog: Comings and goings

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Kyle suggested that we all do a group blog about the things that draw us to Chile and those that push as away. I will be keeping on ongoing list of other participants here but you can also find them on Kyle’s blog.

I originally traveled to Chile in 1996 as a high school exchange student. I did not choose Chile. With Rotary we were given a list of 33 countries to put in order of importance. I knew nothing about the majority of them. I did know that I wanted to learn Spanish and I didn’t want to go to Spain. I also knew that others had strong opinions, aka “I want to go to Costa Rica because my sister went there” or “I was to go to Argentina because my maternal great grandfather who I never met was adopted from there”. I simple stated that I wanted somewhere in South or Central America to learn Spanish.

Naturally, I was assigned to Brazil.

Or, at least I was until they found out that I was to young for the program. In my memory, which may be wrong, it was about 4 days too young.

They switched me to Chile.

I ended up spending a fabulous year in Rancagua. Turns out, I met my best friend, the man I will marry, that year. I had no idea at the time. I danced that year, became close to my host family, learned to speak, and laughed. I met great people, traveled, and grew.

I have had a theory for years that the exchange students, particularly in high school, who do well abroad are those who are unhappy at home. Basically, it is an inverse reaction. For me, perhaps it wasn’t love of Chile, but rather it was love of being someplace where I was accepted for who I was and where I made real friends. Read: friends who cared for me and were not backstabbing, snobby kids I grew up with.

Exchange in college was also great—although most people told me not to go back. They told me it would destroy the ideal memory I have of the place. College exchange was really different for me than for many of the gringas on this list. I did not fall in love with a Chilean. I didn’t struggle to make friends or fit in. I hung out with people from high school. I continued to see my family.

I didn’t leave Chile because I had grown bitter or because my love affair was over. I left because there is a lot of world out there and a home in the US, my country. When I became a Peace Corps volunteer, I specifically chose not to go to Latin America—I ended up in Moldova. When I completed my practicum abroad in graduate school, I specifically chose not to go to Latin America or Eastern Europe—I ended up in Cambodia. I returned to Chile in 2007 with a Fulbright grant and stayed an additional 2 months working for Washington University in St. Louis.

I have left Chile again because I want a career and I am unlikely to find anything in international development or counter-trafficking in Chile. Hopefully, I will find that career yet—either here in the States or somewhere around the world. Chile has helped me to appreciate things about my own culture and to love being an American. It has also helped me learn about who I am and what I want to be.

Other participants:
Amanda: Her story started when a Yugoslavian and a Chilean fell in love.
Abby: Forced to come at first, fell in love later.
Lydia: Came looking to be out of her element, and will leave because of the struggles of various proportions (economics, community, education, etc.)
Emma: “What is the deal? Are we all from the same womb? Is our generation instrinsically prone to latin-love-affairs-turned-serious-life-altering-decisions?”
Aimee: She was hoping not to like Chile in order to have a reason to “just be friends” with her Seabass.
Shannon: She came for love but she’ll leave so that she can afford the 5 kids of her dreams.
Tamsin: The man of her dreams brought her here and who knows where the future will take her.
Sara: Nostalgia and La Tercera convinced her she was making the right decision.
Emily: Santiago promised distance and dictatorship.
Miyaunna: She was here in Temuco on a scholarship and wants to come back to see if she can hack it one more time.
Leigh: In the battle between good versus, aka Chile versus Ecuador, guess which country won out?
Tyffanie: A careful study of study abroad programs led her here. Robbery at gunpoint makes her question whether to stay or leave.
Emily: For her, it all started in high school with a Chilean exchange student who lived with her family!
Irini_ta: Running from a broken relationship, she wanted far FAR away vacations. Mexico was too close, Peru and Bolivia sold out…she ended up in Chile where she met the true love of her life.
Jessica: Chile wasn’t interesting to her at all yet she was desperately needed by an organization here.

Chile Group Post: Holidays and mistletoe

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First Christmas in Chile, originally uploaded by coming2cambodia.

I have hijacked the Chilean Group Blog Post and inserted my own topic of “Holidays while abroad: the good, the bad, the ugly, and the different”. I know that Kyle usally does this, but she is traveling. I asked for her blessing, but she never got back to me. Oh well. I am hijacking it anyway. Please leave a comment and I will keep a running tally of other blogs… also, if you want to join in, please do. (You don’t actually have to be a Chilean blogger; other expats have joined in as well)

The above photo is from my very first Christmas in Chile; it was different to say the least. For me, growing up in Wisconsin – also thought of as the snow tundra – the hardest thing to adjust to with holidays is that they are in the wrong season. It is hard to feel Christmas-y when it is over 100 degrees outside. Also, the displays in the mall with snowmen and fake snow absolutely crack me up. Perhaps they are funny in FL and HI as well?

The other thing that is hard about the holidays is how the food is different. I am used to my mother’s Indian rice and small, cream onions. I like the large spread that our friends Dan and Helen always put out. Everything is always just a little different when you are away. In some ways, thanksgiving is the hardest, because it doesn’t exist elsewhere in the world. In high school, I think that thanksgiving just went on noticed. In college, my friend and I tried to make a turkey. It was our first attempt! We had my roommates and some other friends over. In the end, very typical of Turkey Day, dinner was hours late. We had to confiscate car keys, wallets, cell phones, and the cords of the house phone to keep people from leaving. We had been drinking white wine with strawberries through the cooking experience, so we cared less. In Moldova, as mentioned earlier, I cooked 12 turkeys and a meal for 250 people (with help).

The thing that I do love about holidays in Chile is that they revolve around the extended family– in WI they do too, I always celebrate with my family and my parents best friends, Dan and Helen’s, family.  My family in Chile usually ends up at Grandma’s house in Estacion Central.  Usually, we have at least 20 people and food for 40.  It is an all day affair.  Really, I wouldn’t trade it for the world.  If only I could go from these tables, back to my WI table and be with everyone!

My favorite, however, celebration in Chile was my 20th birthday. Yes, I know it is not technically a holiday—but it was a celebration. I was living with 3 Chilean friends in an apartment in Santiago with almost no furniture. Two of these friends had been classmates in high school. We decided that we would throw a party at the house. I invited other exchange students and friends in Santiago, including S. They, without telling me, invited other friends from high school who were now scattered around the country. We ended up have a HUGE party—over 14 people slept no the floor and in assorted beds throughout the 3 bedroom apartment.

My roommates got me a cake and decorated the house with blown up “balloons” (Classy, I know!). The Chileans tried to teach the Americans to salsa. The Americans tried to teach the Chileans to rap. We never left the house and we never really needed to. During the course of the night, which went deep into the morning, I was really happy and telling people how much I loved them and what great friends they were to have traveled to see me. I kissed S, my now-fiancée, my then-best-friend. Technically, that was our first kiss. Sadly, he doesn’t remember.

Update after commenting on Leigh’s blog. Here are the holidays I have been an expat for:

Xmas:
1996 – Chile
2002 – Moldova
2003 – Moldova
2007 – Chile

New Years:
1997 – Chile
2000 – Chile
2003 – Hungry
2004 – Turkey
2008 – Chile

Thanksgiving:
1996 – Chile
2000 – Chile
2002 – Moldova
2003 – Moldova
2007 – Chile

Bday:
17 yrs old – Chile
20 yrs old – Chile
22 yrs old – Moldova
23 yrs old – Moldova
27 yrs old – Cambodia
28 yrs old – Argentina

Check out the other participants:
Lydia – 4 Christmases in a row in South America

Abby – A dry 21

Leigh – Smells of the holidays

Lauren – Loving Christmas in Chile

Emily – Expat Thanksgiving (yea, so she decided not to participate because she had already written on the topic. Ha! says I.  I will add you anyway.)

Sara – Kudos for choosing to be abroad & not take mom up on the offer of a plane ticket “home”

Fned – Is home where the heart is?

Resident Expat – Christmas is where the children are.  Also, welcome a newbie to the group!

Tyffanie – 2nd time around

Renee - Grinch at the beach

Andre – (Non) Christmas Away

Group Blog– I am planning it this time

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If you have been reading my blog for a while then you know that a bunch of us Chile bloggers, along with some non-Chile-but-living-internationally-with-someone, blog every so often on an agreed upon topic. Kyle often organizes, but she is off traveling. Fned has organized. This time I am taking the reigns.

So… group blogging has been slow. I say this weekend (Friday or Saturday)everyone write on the topic holidays away from home/ in the new home. This doesn’t necessarily have to be about upcoming holidays but just general about what you do, why it is hard, how it is different, suggestions or whatever else comes to mind.

Please post a comment on Clare Says and I will keep a running tally of who has participated. Also, it is always nice to keep a running tally on your blog if you can– that way everyone gets more exposure.

Group Blog: Communicating as a 1 way street

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This week’s group blog is being run by Fned and I say kudos to her for such a great topic. Unlike most of the people who posted, S and I are not a bilingual couple.  We were not when we met and we are not now almost 13 years later.

S and I met when I was an exchange student in high school.  I came to Rancagua Chile with 2 years of high school Spanish under my belt as well as basic lessons when I was a kid.  I didn’t meet S right away, in fact, I didn’t meet him until I changed schools 4 months in.  Once I did, I spoke Spanish pretty well (although not perfectly).  He was a great teacher as we was patient and speaks a more poetic Spanish than any Chilean I have ever met.  He loves words and making sure that he chooses the one that has the exact nuance of meaning that he is going for.  He doesn’t use slang; he shutters when I say “cachai” or “huevon”.  He never ever ever swears– nor does he think that I should.  He. Reads. Anything. And. Everything. He. Can.

After 12.5 years of going back and forth between the US and Chile, I don’t struggle to understand people. I think in Spanish. I dream in Spanish. In fact, the time that I passed out at art fair at Santa Lucia I was speaking in Spanish when I regained consciousness. I rarely have to ask people what they mean or to repeat.  That is, everyone except S.  He is constantly using new words (this may be on purpose) and he has the bad habit of mumbling. Still, I learn a lot.

He speaks no English. Or, rather, he spoke no English up until recently.  He loves to read (I mentioned this above) and he does read in other languages simply because he can’t get his hands on translation. I am in awe of his patience as he will read articles–and books–on evolutionary theory, physics, or philosophy with a dictionary in hand looking up every third word.

To be fair, I knew the English teacher in high school. It is no surprise that he or any of my classmates never learned anything in her class.  There was no way they could have in my mind.

Now, he is considering traveling with me and wants to learn English.  He jokes that he wants to do so to be able to read– not so that he can talk to my parents or help raise bilingual children. No. Just so he can read. In the states, however, he really did pick up quite a bit.  Now that he is back in Chile (and I am still in the states) we have been working on ways for him to study.  We are reading Curious George together. He studies on his own and comes to me with questions.  I have no doubt that he will learn English– but until then, we are a multi-lingual couple (I speak Romanian & Japanese as well) that is completely monolingual.

Check out some other cool takes on Bilingualism in Expat couples:

Fned’s Blog: Bilingualism in Expat Couples (English/ Spanish/ French)

Bee Ean : A Malaysian in France (English / French / Chinese)

Andromeda : The adventures of an American Blonde in France (French / English)

Jennifer: Italian Trivia (English / Italian / and a little Veneto)…. and a practical case

Minshap : Both sides of the coin (English / Spanish)

Leilani : Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose (English / French / Spanish / German / and four more languages!!!)

Francine : Callaloo soup (English / French)

Poppy Fields : Poppy in Provence (English / French)

Chris : A Pretty How Town (English / French)

Cancuck Canuck : A Canuck in Cancun (English / Spanish (and a little Mayan? lol))

Emily : Don’t call me Gringa (Spanish / English)

Natasha : The Ex Monologues (English / Spanish)

Arlet Grace : Little something about me (Filipino / Korean / English)


Lydia : Just smile and nod (English / Spanish)

Cherise : Adventures with Angelina (English / French / Thai and soon German!!)

Sarah : Misplaced Texan (English / French)

Ale : Letters from Wonderland (English / Spanish)

Karina : Milk Jam (French / English)

Rebecca : Trente-trois-mille (English / Spanish / French)

Kumichan83 : Tales of a Japanese Gringa in Quito (English / Spanish / French / Japanese)

Beth : Planting the Mexican Seed (English / French)

Jonnifer : I have no title donc je suis (English / French)

nyGRINGAinCHILE : Just one more gringa’s thoughts about living in Santiago, Chile (English / Spanish / French)

Tyffanie: La Chilinguita (English/ Spanish)

They ugly face of racism, or as we say here in Chile, classism

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This weeks topic is racism/classism in Chile.  If you have been reading my blog for a while, you know that this is a topic I am fascinated by. In fact, I think I think about it much more than I actually blog about it. Still, I am really looking forward to what other people have to say (check out the links at the bottom of the blog– they are updated as people post).

Also, take a look at some of my past posts on racism and or classism in Chile:

And other posts just on classism or racism in general:

One of the things that is really interesting to me is the way Americans, in general, are comfortable about talking about race issues and racism but not class issues or classism.  Chile, on the other hand, is the opposite. People are more comfortable talking about class issues and class than about race issues and race.

In fact, the conversation I generally have, goes like this:

Chilean person: There are real race issues in the states.

Me: Yes, there are huge problems. But I think race is a problem here.

Chilean: No, we don’t have race issues here. We do have issues with class.

Me: What do you mean.

Chilean: Well, people of lower class are really looked down upon.

Me: How can you tell who these people are?

Chilean: You just can.

Me: (finding a darker skinned Chilean in the crowd) What about that person… over there… what class are they?

Chilean: They are lower class.

Admittedly, this is not the exact wording; I am not transcribing this conversation.  However, I have had the essence of this conversation well over 200 times with a huge variety of people in my dozen years going back and forth.  Really, it doesn’t matter what the person I point out is wearing or where she is– the skin tone is a give away for class. In the US, you would be hard pressed to have this conversation. Not that classism doesn’t exist; it simply isn’t talked about or addressed.  Therefore, I wanted to talk a bit about class, classism, class issues, theories on classism, types of classism in general. I guess the easiest way I can think of is by defining all pertinent terms.

Key Definitions for Classism

Class – Relative social rank in terms of income, wealth, status, and/or power

Classism – The institutional, cultural, and individual set of practices and beliefs that assign differential value to people according to their socio-economic class; and an economic system which creates excessive inequality and causes basic human needs to go unmet

Class Indicator – a factual or experiential factor that helps determine an individual’s class

Class Continuum – The ranking of individuals or families in a society by income, wealth, stats, or power; the range of experiences of which particular class identities are defined. Lines may be drawn at different points along this continuum, and labeled differently. Class is a relative thin, both subjectively and in terms of resources; our experience varies depending on whether we look up or down the continuum. However, it is clear that everyone at the top end is mostly agent/dominant, while everyone at the bottom end is mostly target/subordinate. The following demonstrates this:

Agents – Owning Class, Ruling Class

Mostly Agents – Middle Class

Mostly Targets – Working Class

Targets – Lower Class/Poor

Class Identity – A label for one category of class experience, such as ruling class, owning class, middle class, working class, lower class

Ruling Class – The stratum of people who hold positions of power in major institutions of the society

Owning Class/Rich – The stratum of families who own income-producing assets sufficient to make paid employment unnecessary

Middle Class – the stratum of families for whom breadwinners’ higher education and/or specialized skills brings higher income and more security than those of working- class people

Upper-Middle Class – The portion of the middle class with higher incomes due to professional jobs and/or investment income.

Lower-Middle Class – The portion of the middle class with lower and less stable incomes due to lower-skilled or unstable employment

Working Class – The stratum of families whose income depends on hourly wages for labor

Lower Class/Poor – The stratum of families with incomes insufficient to meet basic human needs

Individual Classism – This term refers to classism on a personal or individual level, either in behavior or attitudes, either conscious and intentional or unconscious and unintentional. Examples include the thought or belief that a certain type of work is beneath you, or the assumption that everyone has the financial resources to go out to an expensive restaurant.

Institutional Classism – This term refers to the ways in which conscious or unconscious classism is manifest in the various institutions of our society. Two examples from colleges – some schools give preference to children of alumni, thus making it harder for first-generation college applicants to get in; some schools reserve the most convenient parking spaces for faculty, even though they usually work more flexible hours than support staff.

Cultural Classism – This terms refers to the ways is which classism is manifest through our cultural norms and practices. It can often be found in the ideology behind something, as in the commercial for peanut butter, “choosy mothers choose Jif,” implying that if you buy the less expensive store brand you care less about your kids.

Other Chilean Bloggers thoughts on Class/Race in Chile:

Hardest cutom to adjust to in my time abroad

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This weeks theme for the Chilean bloggers post is “hardest custom to adjust to”.  In Chile, I can think of a few things– for example the lack of automated services (hence long lines), the health concepts about what gives people colds (for example wet hair and no slippers) or the excess of public displays of affection wherever you go… But, the two personal experiences that come to mind and I want to talk about are not Chilean examples: one is in general about kissing cultures and the other is about smiling in Moldova.

I should preface this, for people who are not long time readers of my blog, that I have been back and forth to Chile for over a dozen year with three specific years that I spent the entire time in Chile (Rancagua, Viña or Santiago) and multiple other trips of up to 2.5 months. In this time, I have also lived for two and a half years in Moldova, a former USSR state that is now located between Romania and the Ukraine.  Finally, I lived and worked for 6 months in Cambodia in 2007.

So, kissing cultures.  Kissing cultures are cultures where people great each other with a kiss. The US is not a kissing culture as we shake hands or just wave “hi”.  In Chile, a kissing culture, the norm is one kiss on the right cheek when you meet someone and when you leave.  One of my students (US to Chile) asked me if you had to kiss people even if there were 20 in the room and your were only entering for 15 minutes. The answer is yes.  You go and kiss everyone (which will take up 3-4 of your 15 minutes). Then on the way out, you kiss everyone again (another 3-4 minutes).  There are some friend groups or situations where you can get out of this, but not many.  Personally, I like the kissing even if at times overly excessive.

Other kissing cultures call for two kisses, one on each cheek.  Some call for men to kiss men (in Chile, women kiss women and men and men only kiss women).  Some cultures, although admittedly less, kiss three times: right, left, right. My group of friends in Cambodia were and eclectic expat group consisting of: Americans, Frenchmen, Germans, Swedes, Australians, Kiwis, and Finish.  The Americans were the only non-kissing culture, so we lost and everyone kissed.  The problem was in remembering who kissed how many times.  Even now I can’t remember.  I do know that if you come from a 1-kiss-culture, like Chile, and meet 2 or 3-kiss-cultures, moving your head when being done, while the other is continuing to kiss can lead to accidental kisses on the mouth.  In the end, yes it happened, and yes we all giggled about it.

The second story that comes to mind as difficult to adjust to– as the kissing culture was mostly a funny experience filled with faux pas– was smiling in Moldova.  In Moldova, I lived in a small village that was very poor, very cold, and where life was extremely difficult for the villagers.  But, like everywhere, there were joys in life.  These joys could be a beautiful day, good weather, the birth of a child, a student getting accepted into a high school or good vocational school, the birth of piglets, or a good harvest.

On the sunny days, even when below zero, I often felt myself cheered as I walked to school with sun on my face.  On several occasions, I was chastised by the locals for smiling with remarks like “what do you have to smile for”.  Apparently, the weather or having received a care package, was not a good enough answer.  The more I thought about it, the more negative I felt the culture was.

When asked, in the states or in Chile, how you are doing, the response is almost always “good”, “okay”, or “not bad”.  Even when having a bad day, unless with close friends who you really want to open up to, the culturally appropriate responsive is neutral to positive. In Moldova, when I asked that question, people often went into rants about their poor crop, mysterious pains they were having, an illness, death or loss of an animal, etc.  It was depressing!

After spending some time and making good friends, I broached the subject with a local one day.  Turns out that the culturally correct response was to be negative even if you were doing well. That way, if the other was having a hard time– and in a country like Moldova it was easy to see how the other would be struggling– you were not rubbing it in their face. In fact, your story of difficulties could be interpreted as uplifting; everyone is in this and struggling together.  My smiling, for no apparent reason, in this light was just pointing out that my life was better.  Objectively, as an American, it was.

After understanding how and why Moldova was set up this way, I still had trouble not smiling while walking in the sun (and 4 feet of snow in -35 degree weather) but at least I was no longer offended for people yelling at me about it.

Here are other participants in this week’s Chile bloggers post: